![]() ![]() People live far underground and believe the surface of the Earth is a wasteland.įamilies as we know them don’t exist the main character has a literally and figuratively distant relationship with her son Kuno and never had any kind of relationship with his biological father. There’s very little real human contact, and the main character reacts in horror and indignation to the idea that people might physically touch each other. Creativity and independent thought and action are discouraged and in some instances punished. ![]() People are largely limited to the small, automated cells they live in. ![]() It presents a post-apocalyptic world that initially appears to be a kind of utopia: peoples’ needs are entirely taken care of by the Machine they live in, and nobody suffers from material poverty or the horror of war and all are free to pursue sedentary leisure activities as they please.īut the reader quickly realizes that this futuristic world is a dystopia. Forster is not known as a speculative fiction author, but his story “The Machine Stops” (originally published in 1909) is an extremely good example of dark science fiction from that era. ![]()
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